Tham khảo Áp_bức

  1. ↑ Gove, Philip B., ed., Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged (Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1961; Merriam-Webster, rev. 2016), https://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/unabridged/opprobrium
  2. ↑ Oppression Dictionary.com
  3. ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oppression
  4. ↑ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (ấn bản 5). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016. ISBN 9780544454453. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 25 tháng 11 năm 2017. 
  5. ↑ Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary . K Dictionaries Ltd, by arrangement with Random House Information Group, an imprint of The Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc. 2010. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 6 tháng 10 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 23 tháng 11 năm 2017.  Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư (link)
  6. ↑ Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010). Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. New York City, NY: Cambridge University Press. tr. 5–13. ISBN 9780521882521. OCLC 968631692. 
  7. ↑ Xavier, Márquez (2017). Non-democratic politics: authoritarianism, dictatorship, and democratization. London: Palgrave Macmillan. tr. 1–21; 39–61; 130–141. ISBN 9781137486318. OCLC 967148718. 
  8. ↑ Bunce, Valerie; McFaul, Michael; Stoner, Kathryn (2010). Democracy and authoritarianism in the post-communist world. Cambridge, England (UK): Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521115988. OCLC 340983053. 
  9. ↑ Zafirovski, Milan (2007). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of authoritarianism: Puritanism, democracy, and society. New York City, NY: Springer Science+Business Media. tr. 15–18. ISBN 9780387493206. OCLC 191465180. 
  10. ↑ King, Stephen J. (2009). The new authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253353979. OCLC 607553768. 
  11. ↑ Taylor 2016, tr. 520-521.Lỗi sfn: không có mục tiêu: CITEREFTaylor2016 (trợ giúp)
  12. ↑ Harvey, Jean (1999). Civilized oppression. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. tr. 1–2. ISBN 978-0847692743. OCLC 41528208. 
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  1. ↑ opprobrium in the sense of "contempt or distaste usually mingled with reproach and an implication of inferiority."[1]
  2. ↑ This description of authoritarian governments is somewhat simplistic in that it describes the epitome of authoritarianism, i.e., the worst-case scenario, which still exists in some countries today, but has gradually become less prevalent over the last two centuries or so. See the five books cited at the end of this paragraph for a more nuanced discussion. Also see the Wikipedia article, Authoritarianism.
  3. ↑ This list of countries is mostly arbitrary, and is meant only to illustrate what is meant by "advanced democracies".
  4. ↑ The terms representative democracies, republics, or democratic republics could also be used instead of democracies. The four Wikipedia articles linked to in the previous sentence discuss the similarities and differences between and amongst the four related terms.